Effects of observer efficiency, arrival timing, and survey life on estimates of escapement for steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) derived from repeat mark–recapture experiments

نویسندگان

  • Josh Korman
  • Robert N.M. Ahrens
  • Paul S. Higgins
  • Carl J. Walters
چکیده

Estimation of escapement for steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) from periodic visual counts of spawners is complicated by extreme changes in observer efficiency over the migration period, low numbers of fish, pulsed arrival timing, and variable survey life. We present a maximum likelihood method to compute escapement and uncertainty that accounts for these difficulties using mark–recapture data from radiotelemetry and snorkel surveys. Estimates of escapement were highly sensitive to assumptions about arrival dynamics and survey life, moderately sensitive to the assumed ending date of the run, and insensitive to assumptions about the form of observation error. Discharge and diver visibility explained between 69 and 78% of the variation in observer efficiency. Simulations revealed that declines in observer efficiency over the duration of the run increased bias and variability in escapement estimates but that this can be mitigated to a limited extent by increasing the number of surveys. The simulations also provided evidence that our likelihood approach was superior to the standard area-under-the-curve method for computing escapement when estimates of the numbers present over time are affected by substantial sampling error. Résumé : L’estimation des échappées de truites arc-en-ciel anadromes (Oncorhynchus mykiss) par des dénombrements visuels périodiques est compliquée par l’importante variation de l’efficacité des observateurs au cours de la période de migration, par la faible densité des poissons, par l’arrivée des truites par groupes et par la durée variable des inventaires. Une méthode de vraisemblance maximale nous a permis de calculer l’échappée et l’incertitude rattachée à ces contraintes à partir de données de marquage et de recapture obtenues par radiotélémétrie, ainsi que d’inventaires faits par plongée en apnée. Les estimations de l’échappée sont très sensibles aux présuppositions faites au sujet de la dynamique de l’échappée et la durée de l’inventaire, assez sensibles à la date supposée de la fin de la montaison et pas du tout sensibles aux présuppositions concernant la forme de l’erreur due aux observations. Le débit et la visibilité lors des plongées expliquent entre 69 et 78 % de la variation de l’efficacité des observateurs. Des simulations montrent que des déclins de l’efficacité des observateurs au cours de la montaison augmentent l’erreur et la variabilité des estimations de l’échappée mais qu’une augmentation du nombre d’inventaires peut en partie réduire ces imprécisions. Les simulations indiquent aussi que notre méthode de vraisemblance pour calculer l’échappée est supérieure à la méthode habituelle de « calcul de la surface sous la courbe », lorsque l’estimation de la densité dans le temps est affectée par d’importantes erreurs d’échantillonnage. [Traduit par la Rédaction] Korman et al. 1131

برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید

ثبت نام

اگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید

منابع مشابه

Discrimination of Chinook Salmon, Coho Salmon, and Steelhead Redds and Evaluation of the Use of Redd Data for Estimating Escapement in Several Unregulated Streams in Northern California

—We developed and evaluated a stratified index redd area method to estimate Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, coho salmon O. kisutch, and steelhead O. mykiss escapement in several coastal streams in northern California based on the assumption that redd size is related to the number of redds a female builds. Sources of error in redd counts were identified, including the use of logistic re...

متن کامل

Identification of Steelhead and Resident Rainbow Trout Progeny in the Deschutes River, Oregon, Revealed with Otolith Microchemistry

—Comparisons of strontium:calcium (Sr:Ca) ratios in otolith primordia and freshwater growth regions were used to identify the progeny of steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss (anadromous rainbow trout) and resident rainbow trout in the Deschutes River, Oregon. We cultured progeny of known adult steelhead and resident rainbow trout to confirm the relationship between Sr:Ca ratios in otolith primordia an...

متن کامل

Little impact of hatchery supplementation that uses native broodstock on the genetic structure and diversity of steelhead trout revealed by a large-scale spatio-temporal microsatellite survey

Artificial breeding programs initiated to enhance the size of animal populations are often motivated by the desire to increase harvest opportunities. The introduction of non-native genotypes, however, can have negative evolutionary impacts. These may be direct, such as introgressive hybridization, or indirect via competition. Less is known about the effects of stocking with native genotypes. We...

متن کامل

Over the falls? Rapid evolution of ecotypic differentiation in steelhead/rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).

Adaptation to novel habitats and phenotypic plasticity can be counteracting forces in evolution, but both are key characteristics of the life history of steelhead/rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Anadromous steelhead reproduce in freshwater river systems and small coastal streams but grow and mature in the ocean. Resident rainbow trout, either sympatric with steelhead or isolated above barr...

متن کامل

Effect of short-term decrease in water temperature on body temperature and involvement of testosterone in steelhead and rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss.

The Pacific salmonid species Oncorhynchus mykiss is separated into a migratory form (steelhead trout) and a non-migratory form (rainbow trout). A decrease in water temperature is likely a cue triggering downstream behavior in the migratory form, and testosterone inhibits onset of this behavior. To elucidate differences in sensitivity to water temperature decreases between the migratory and non-...

متن کامل

ذخیره در منابع من


  با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید

برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید

ثبت نام

اگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید

عنوان ژورنال:

دوره   شماره 

صفحات  -

تاریخ انتشار 2002